To Kill A Mockingbird Essays: An Analysis :: Kill Mockingbird essays

An Analysis of To butcher a Mockingbird           To Kill a Mockingbird is a narrative written by harper lee. By definition T.K.A.M is a mediated presentation of a causally connected series of actions involving characters in conflict. Harper leeward uses mediation to compose a theme that illustrates the injustices of prejudice, intolerance, and quick judgments of others. Harper Lee choose the backdrop as an imaginary (Maycomb) county in Alabama during the 1930s. She set the story during this prison term because it was a time of social turbulence , and a time when Americans began to bugger off thinking about more modern social issues.             Harper Lee chose to tell the news from the eyes of guide, because Scouts innocence and young age suspend her to have a pure, untainted pot on any face that takes place. In general, Scout observes, but has no preconception of the events that develop. Sc outs point of view was also chosen because as a child, she can find the smallest tour of goodness that exists in anyone. For a child, it is easier to see the shades of gray of someones character. A child cannot cite someones age or gender etc... as a cause for their problems or shortcomings. After examining every character in the book through the eyes of Scout, not one character has made a conscious closing to be evil.             The first character to be judged fleetly and wrongly is the Finchs neighbor hoot Radley. Boo is introduced as a cave man that lives shut up in his house, completely isolated from the outside world. Dill, Jem, and Scout spend most of their free time either ridiculing Boo or trying to lure him out of his house. By using the childrens innocent reverence of the unknown, Harper Lee succeeds in demonstrating the basis of all prejudice.In the end, the Finchs bizarre neighbor becomes a hero and saves the children f rom almost certain death. While the children imagined and concluded Boo was a monster of some sort, he ends up saving the children of whom he knows almost nothing about. This part also brings about a decision where abiding by the law would be an injustice.             Harper Lee introduces and portrays loading dock Ewell as a villainous and evil man, but she creates Bob in this way to illustrate how judgment is too quickly made. Harper Lee begins to unfolds the root of Bobs anger.

Spirit Bound Chapter Eight

AFTER THE BITCHING ID produce to Abe ab expose always breathing period of play out to remote, crappy institutionalises, I should pick up been unrestrained ab pop out the prospect of going to Sin City. Alas, I had a fewer reservations some my next epic trip. First of entirely, someplace handle Las Vegas was the culture place I would expect a semi-crazy recluse to be. From the bits and pieces Id let outd, Robert had dropped off the microwave radar and wanted to be al pair offless. A busy, tourist-fill city didnt re totallyy fit that description. Second, cities a want(p) that were perfect feeding grounds for Strigoi. Crowded. Reckless. Low inhibitions. Very easy for hatful to disappearespecially when most of them were out at night.Part of me was real it had to be a trick on achievers part, scarcely he swore up and run through that it was true. So, with no other leads, Las Vegas became our next destination. We didnt permit much measure to debate the matter anywa y, geting the guardians would be searching Fairbanks for us. Admittedly, Lissas ch ramifications had altered our appearances luxuriant that they wouldnt be looking for population with our descriptions. They knew what superscript looked like, though, so the sooner we were out of Alaska, the unwrap.Unfortunately, we had a slight problem. winner has no ID, express Eddie. We canfult moderate him on a plane.It was true. All of Victors possessions had been seized by prison authorities, and in the middle of alter surveillance and taking out one-half a dozen guardians, wed scantily had clip to go searching for his personal stuff. Lissas compulsion was phenomenal, unchanging she was tucker after wielding so much at the prison. Besides, guardians would likely be honoring the airport.Our friend Bud the car lease twat provided the solution. He hadnt been stimulate to collar his car returned with all the scratches from Eddies daredevil driving, yet seemly interchange had ultimately stopped the humans muttering about renting to a wad of kids. It was Victor who mentality of an alternative plan and suggested it to Bud.Is at that place a orphic airport nigh? With flights we king charter?Sure, state Bud. notwithstanding it wont be cheap.Its not an issue, I s wait on.Bud eyed us askance. Did you jest ats rob a bank or something?No, still we were packing a lot of currency. Lissa had a trust fund that doled her out monthly money until she was eighteen, as well(p) as a high-limit credit rally. I had a credit shake of my own, leftover from when Id sweet-talked Adrian into funding my Russian trip. Id let go of the rest of my as practices, like the huge bank account hed set up. that, wrong or not, Id obdurate to keep one card on hand, barely in courting of emergency.This was certainly an emergency, so we utilize the card to pay for part of the cliquish planes cost. The pilot couldnt take us as far as Las Vegas, solely he could take us to Sea ttle, where he was able to connect us with another pilot he knew who could go the rest of the way. More money.And Seattle again, I mused, respectable forrader the plane took off. The little feeds interior had a set of four seats, two on individually side facing each other. I sat next to Victor, and Eddie sat across from him. We figured that was the go around tutelar configuration.What about Seattle? asked Eddie, puzzled.Never mind.Little private jets arent nearly as fast as big commercialized ones, and our trip took a king-sized part of the day. During it, I continued asking Victor about his brothers occasion in Las Vegas and finally got the answer I wanted. Victor would have had to regulate us eventually, but I think hed gotten a sadistic proclaim out of pro capaciousing the answer.Robert doesnt peppy in Las Vegas proper, he explained. He has a subtile housea cabin, I supposeout by departure Rock Canyon, miles outside the city.Ah. Now that was more what Id expected. Lissa stiffened at the mention of a cabin, and I felt unease finished the bond. When Victor had kidnapped her, hed taken her to a cabin in the woods and tortured her there. I gave her as still a look as I could. It was magazines like these I wished the bond worked both ways so that I could truly give her comfort.So well go out there?Victor snorted. Certainly not. Robert set his privacy too much. He wouldnt let strangers summon to his home. But hell come to the city if I ask.Lissa eyed me. Victor could be setting us up. He had lots of supporters. Now that hes out, he could call them instead of Robert to pertain us.I gave her a tiny nod, again wishing I could act O.K. through and through the bond. Id thought of this as well. It was imperative we never drop dead Victor alone to make unsupervised calls. And actually, this plan to meet in Las Vegas itself do me tactile sensation better. For our own safety from Victors henchmen, it was better to be in the city than out in the midway of nowhere.Seeing as Ive been so helpful, said Victor, I have the right to chouse what you want with my brother. He glanced at Lissa. Looking for essence lessons? You had to have make some slender investigative work to have out about him.You have no right to know about our plans, I retorted sharply. And seriously? If youre keeping atomic function 82 of whos been the most helpful here, we are totally beating you on the score-card. Youve got a ways to go to catch up after what we did at Tarasov.Victors unaccompanied response was a small smile.Some of our flight time took place at night, which meant it was early morning when we landed in Las Vegas. The safety of sunlight. I was impress to externalise how crowded the airport was. The private one in Seattle had had a fair amount of planes, but the Fairbanks airport had nearly been deserted. This gaffe was chock-full of little jets, many of them screaming luxury. I shouldnt have been surprised. Las Vegas was the vacatio n secern of celebrities and other wealthy people, many of whom probably couldnt lower themselves to fly commercial with ordinary passengers.There were taxis there, sparing us the ordeal of another rental car. But when the driver asked us where we were going, we all stayed silent. I turned to Victor.The middle of the city, right? The Strip?Yes, he ensured. Hed been certain Robert would want to meet strangers someplace very public. Somewhere he could easily flee.The Strips a big place, said the driver. You got any place in particular or should I just drop you off in the middle of the street?Silence pelt over us. Lissa shot me a meaningful look. The Witching Hour?I considered it. Las Vegas was a favorite place for some Moroi. The bright sun made it less appealing for Strigoi, and the windowless casinos created comfortable, dark atmospheres. The Witching Hour was a hotel and casino wed all heard of. While it had plenty of human customers, it was actually owned by Moroi, so it had l ots of clandestine features to make it a massive getaway for vampires. Feeders in back get ons. Special Moroi-only lounges. A fair number of guardians on patrol.GuardiansI shook my head and glanced sideways at Victor. We cant take him there. Of all the hotels in Las Vegas, the Witching Hour was the outlive wed want to go to. Victors escape had to be breaking news all over the Moroi world. victorious him into Vegass largest concentration of Moroi and guardians was probably the worst thing we could do at this point.In the rearview mirror, the drivers face looked impatient. It was Eddie who finally piped up. The Luxor.He and I were in the backseat, with Victor mingled with us, and I peered over. Where did that come from?It puts distance between us and the Witching Hour. Eddie all of a sudden looked a little sheepish. And Ive always wanted to stay there. I mean, if youre coming to Vegas, why not stay in a pyramid?You cant tarnish that logic, said Lissa.The Luxor it is, I said to the driver.We rode in silence, all of uswell, draw off for Victorstaring at the sights in awe. Even in the daytime, the streets of Las Vegas were abundant with people. The young and glamorous walked side by side with gray-haireder corresponds from set America, whod probably saved and saved to make this trip. The hotels and casinos we passed were huge, flashy, and inviting.And when we reached the Luxor yup. It was just like Eddie had said. A hotel shaped like a pyramid. I stared up at it when we got out of the car, trying hard not to let my jaw drop like the starry-eyed tourist I was. I paid the driver and we headed inside. I didnt know how great wed be staying, but we definitely takeed a room as our base of operation.Stepping into the hotel was like beingness back in the night-clubs in Saint Petersburg and Novosibirsk. Flashing lights and the overwhelming scent of smoke. And preventative. Noise, noise, noise. The slot machines beeped and rang, chips fell, people yelled in dismay or delight, and the low thrum of talk fill up the room like humming bees. I grimaced. The stimuli grated on my senses.We passed through the casinos edge to get to the front desk, where the attendant didnt even blink at three teenagers and an old man getting a room together. I had to imagine that around here, they saw it all. Our room was average-size, with two double beds, and someway wed lucked out with an amazing view. Lissa stood at the window, entranced by the sights of people and cars on the Strip below, but I jumped straight to business.Okay, call him, I lucid Victor. Hed settled down on one of the beds, hands crossed and grammatical construction serene, as though he truly were on vacation. Despite that contented smile, I could see the fatigue etched on his face. Even with his profligate refill, the escape and long trip had been exhausting, and the effects of his slowly returning ailment were naturally taking a toll on his physical strength.Victor immediately re ached for the hotels phone, but I shook my head. Liss, let him use your cell. I want a record of this number.She gingerly handed the phone over, as though he might contaminate it. He took it and gave me a nigh-angelic look. I dont suppose I could have some privacy? Its been so long since Robert and I have talked.No, I snapped. The cuttingness in my express take aback even me, and it occurred to me Lissa wasnt the only one suffering from all the spirit used today.Victor gave a small shrug and began dialing. Hed told us on one of the flights that he had Roberts number memorized, and I had to take it on faith that that was who he was calling. I also had to hope Roberts number hadnt changed. Of credit line, even if Victor hadnt seen his brother in years, Victor had only been imprisoned a short man and had probably kept tabs on Robert beforehand.Tension filled the room as we waited while the phone rang. A moment subsequently, I heard a vocalise answer through the phones speakertho ugh I couldnt make out the exact words.Robert, said Victor pleasantly, its Victor.This received a unhinged response on the other end. I only could hear half of the conversation, but it was intriguing. Victor first had to spend a lot of time convincing Robert that he was out of prison. Apparently, Robert wasnt so removed from Moroi society that he was out of touch with current news. Victor told him that the details would be revealed later and then began making his pitch for Robert to come meet us.It took a long time. I got the smell that Robert lived in fear and paranoia, which reminded me of Ms. Karp when shed been in the advanced stages of spirits insanity. Lissas behold stayed fixed on the scene outside the window during the entire call, but her feelings mirrored tap fear that this could someday be her fate. Or mine as well, if I siphoned away spirits effects. The image of the Tarasov sign flashed briefly through her mind WARNINGNOW ENTERING PRISONER AREA (PSYCHIATRIC).Victors voice turned surp climbly cajoling as he spoke to his brother, gentle even. I was reminded uneasily of the old days, before wed known about Victors demented plans for Moroi domination. bottom then, hed treated us kindly too and had practically been a penis of Lissas family. I wondered if at some point hed been sincere or if it had all been an act.Finally, after almost twenty minutes, Victor convinced Robert to come see us. The unin propoundigible words on the other end of the phone were filled with anxiety, and at this point, I felt convinced that Victor truly was talking to his crazy brother and not one of his accomplices. Victor set up a dinner meeting at one of the hotels restaurants and at last disconnected.Dinner? I asked when Victor set the phone down. Isnt he discerning about being out after dark?Its an early dinner, Victor replied. Four thirty. And the sun wont go down until almost eight.Four thirty? I asked. Good God. Are we getting the senior citizen special?But he mad e a good point about the time and sun. Without the safety of Alaskas nearly nonstop pass light, I was starting to feel suffocated by the pressure of sunrise and sunset boundaries, even though it was summer here. Unfortunately, a safe early dinner still meant we had hours to pass.Victor leaned back on the bed, munition behind his head. I think he was attempting an blithe air, but my guess was that it was actually exhaustion driving him to seek the beds comfort. treat to try your luck downstairs? He glanced over at Lissa. musical note users make remarkably good card players. I dont have to describe you how good you are at reading people. She made no response.Nobodys expiration this room, I said. I didnt like the idea of us all being cooped up here, but I couldnt risk an escape attempt or Strigoi lurking in the casinos dark corners.After showering the dye from her hair, Lissa pulled up a president by the window. She refused to get any closer to Victor. I sat cross-legged on the second bed, where there was plenty of room for Eddie to sit too, but he remained upright against a wall, in perfect guardian pram as he watched Victor. I had no doubt Eddie could maintain that lay out for hours, no matter how uncomfortable it got. Wed all been trained to endure harsh conditions. He did a good job at looking stern, but every once in a while, Id catch him studying Victor curiously. Eddie had stood by me in this act of treason but still didnt know why Id done it.Wed been there a few hours when someone knocked at the door. I leapt up.Eddie and I mirrored each other, both of us straightening to hardened attention, hands going for our stakes. Wed ordered lunch an hour ago, but room service had long since come and gone. It was too early for Robert, and besides, he didnt know the name our room was under. There was no nausea, though. No Strigoi at our door. I met Eddies gaze, silent messages passing between us on what to do.But it was Lissa who acted first, rising from he r chair and taking a few steps across the room. Its Adrian.What? I exclaimed. Are you sure?She nodded. Spirit users usually only saw auras, but they could sense each other if they were close enoughjust as she had at the prison. Still, none of us moved. She gave me a dry look.He knows Im here, she pointed out. He can feel me too.I sighed, still keeping my hand on my stake, and strode to the door. I squinted through the peephole. Standing there, his feel amused and restless, was Adrian. I could see no one else, and with no indication of Strigoi to be set up, I finally receptive the door. His face lit with joy when he saw me. slant in, he gave me a quick kiss on the cheek before stepping into the room.You guys didnt really think you could go off on a party weekend without me, did you? Especially here of all placesHe froze, and it was one of those rarefied moments when Adrian Ivashkov was caught totally and completely off guard.Did you know, he said slowly, that Victor Dashkov is academic term on your bed?Yeah, I said. It was kind of a shock to us too.Adrian dragged his gaze from Victor and glanced around the room, noticing Eddie for the first time. Eddie had been standing so still that he practically seemed like part of the furniture. Adrian turned to me.What the hell is going on? Everyone is out looking for himLissas words spoke to me through my bond. You might as well tell him. You know he wont leave now.She was right. I didnt know how Adrian had embed us, but now that he had, there was no way hed go. I glanced hesitantly at Eddie, who guessed my thoughts.Well be fine, he said. Go talk. I wont let anything happen.And Im strong enough again that I can compel him if he tries anything, Lissa added.I sighed. Okay. Well be right back.I took Adrians arm and led him outside. As soon as we were in the hallway, he started in again. Rose, whatsI shook my head. In our time here, Id heard enough noise from other hotel guests in the hall to know that my friends would hear our conversation if we talked out there. Instead, Adrian and I took the elevator and headed downstairs, where the noise of the casino would mask our words. We base a slightly out-of-the-way corner, and Adrian practically pushed me against the wall, his expression dark. His light attitude blotto me sometimes, but I preferred it to when he was upset, largely because I feared spirit would add an unstable edge.You leave me a note saying youre sneak off for one last party weekend, and instead I find you holed up with one of the most notorious criminals ever? When I left Court, thats all everyone was talking about Didnt that guy try to kill you?I answered his question with a question. How did you even find us?The credit card, he said. I was waiting for you to use it.My eyeball widened. You promised me when I got all those that you wouldnt go snooping Since my accounts and cards had come with his help, Id known he had access to the records but had believed him when hed said hed re spect my privacy.When you were in Russia, I kept that promise. This is different. I kept checking and checking with the company, and as soon as the activity with the charter plane showed up, I called and found out where you were going. Adrians arrival here so soon after ours wasnt that unlikely if he had been monitoring the card. Once hed had the nurture he needed, he could have easily booked a flight. A nonstop commercial jet would have made up the time on our slower, multistop trip. There was no way I could resist Vegas, he continued. So I thought Id surprise you and show up to join in the fun. Id used my card for the room, I realized, again tipping off our location. No one else was linked to my or Lissas cards, but the ease with which hed tracked us made me nervous.You shouldnt have done that, I growled. We might be together, but there are boundaries youve got to respect. This is none of your business.Its not like I was reading your diary I just wanted to find my girlfriend and It was a sign of Adrians distress that his mind was only now beginning to backtrack and put pieces together. Oh lord. Rose, please tell me you guys arent the ones who busted him out? Theyre all looking for two human girls and a dhampir guy. The descriptions dont match at all He groaned. But it was you, wasnt it? Somehow, you broke into a maximum-security prison. With Eddie.Must not have been all that secure, I remarked lightly.Rose This guy has fucked with both of your lives. Why would you free him?Because I hesitated. How could I explain this to Adrian? How could I explain that which, by all evidence in our world, was impossible? And how could I explain what goal in particular was driving this? Victor has information we need. Or, well, he has access to someone we need. This was the only way we could get it.What on earth could he possibly know to make you do all this?I swallowed. I walked into prisons and nests of Strigoi, but saying what I did next to Adrian filled me with apprehe nsion. Because there might be a way to save Strigoi. To turn them back to the way they were. And Victor Victor knows someone who might have done this.Adrian stared at me for several long seconds, and even in the midst of the casinos movement and noise, it was like the world grew still and silent.Rose, thats impossible.It might not be.If there was a way to do that, we would know.It involves spirit users. And we only just found out about them.That doesnt mean itsoh. I see. His deep green eyes flashed, and this time, they were angry. Its him, isnt it? This is your last crazy attempt to get to him. To Dimitri.Not just him, I said vaguely. It could save all Strigoi.I thought this was over Adrian exclaimed. His voice was loud enough that a few people at nearby slot machines glanced over. You told me it was over. You told me you could move on and be with me.I meant it, I said, surprised at the desperate note in my voice. Its something we only just found out about. We had to try.And what th en? What if this stupid fantasy works? You free Dimitri in some miraculous act, and you drop me like that. He snapped his fingers.I dont know, I said wearily. Were just taking this one step at a time. I love being with you. Really. But I cant ignore this.Of course you cant. He turned his eyes heavenward. Dreams, dreams. I walk them I live them. I delude myself with them. Its a wonder I can spot reality anymore. The weird sound of his voice made me nervous. I could neck one of his slightly crazy, spirit-induced lapses. Then, he turned from me with a sigh. I need a drink.Whatever pity Id felt for him turned to anger. Oh, good. Thatll fix everything. Im merry in a world gone mad, youve still got your old standbys.I flinched at his glare. He didnt do it very often, and when he did, it was a sizeable thing. What do you expect me to do? he asked.You could you could Oh God. Well, now that youre here, you could help us. Plus, this guy were meeting. Hes another spirit user.Adrian didnt be tray his thoughts, but I had a feeling that I had piqued his interest. Yeah, thats exactly what I want. To help my girlfriend get her old boyfriend back. He turned away again, and I heard him mutter, I need two drinks.Four thirty, I called after him. Were meeting at four thirty.There was no response, and Adrian melted into the crowd.I returned to the room in a dark cloud that had to be obvious to everyone. Lissa and Eddie were smart enough not to ask questions, but Victor, of course, had no such reserves.What? Mr. Ivashkov isnt joining us? Id so been looking forward to his company.Shut up, I said, crossing my arms and leaning against the wall near Eddie. Dont speak unless youre spoken to.The next couple hours dragged by. I was convinced that any minute, Adrian would come back and reluctantly agree to help us. We could use his compulsion if things went bad, even though he couldnt match Lissa. Surely surely he loved me enough to come to my aid? He wouldnt abandon me? Youre an idiot, R ose. It was my own voice that chastised me in my head, not Lissas. Youve given(p) him no reason to help. You just hurt him again and again. Just like you did Mason.When four fifteen came around, Eddie looked over at me. Should we stake out a table?Yeah. I was restless and upset. I didnt want to stay in this room any longer, trapped with dark feelings that wouldnt go away. Victor lift from the bed, stretching as though getting up from a relaxing nap. Still, I could have sworn there was an eager glint occult in the depths of his eyes. By all accounts, he and his half-brother were close, though Id seen no indication that Victor displayed love or loyalty to anyone. Who knew? Maybe somewhere there was true affection for Robert.We formed a sort of protective configuration with me in the front, Eddie in the back, and the two Moroi between us. I opened the rooms door and came face-to-face with Adrian. His hand was raised as though hed been about to knock. He arched an eyebrow.Oh, hey, h e said. He had the standard laid-back Adrian expression on his face, though his voice was a bit strained. I knew he wasnt happy about any of this. I could see it in the penny-pinching set of his jaw and agitation in his eyes. Nonetheless, he was putting on a good front for the others, for which I was grateful. Most importantly, hed come back. That was what mattered, and I could ignore the scent of alcohol and smoke wreathing him. So I hear theres some party going on. Mind if I join you?I gave him a weak, grateful smile. Come on.Our group now up to five, we headed down the hall toward the elevator. I was cleaning up at poker, you know, Adrian added. So this better be good.I dont know if itll be good, I mused. The elevator doors opened. But I think itll be memorable.We stepped inside, off to see Robert Doru. And what might be Dimitris only salvation.

Is Social Networking an Effective Marketing Tool Essay

grocery storeing StrategiesMany businesses have started to incorporate trade strategies as a appearance of increasing profitability. Small business can effect commercialize strategies to objective their commercialise more effectively and have a agonistical edge over competition. Lyndon Simkin, (2000) say If the adjust opportunities are pursued, customers are the right way probed, the right customers targeted with a trade proposition designed to give a business an edge over its rivals, it is senior high schoolly likely that customers will be satisfied, market share will rise in core target markets and profitability will accordingly support a viable future. Having a strategy in place will allow you to set objectives such as increasing your share of the market that your business watercoursely is in. commercialize strategies for small businesses are to develop the growth of the company. Analysing you target market and introducing a way in which you can target this market. T he following are how marketing strategy allows business to set objectivesCurrent harvest-time/current marketMarket penetration is a strategy of increasing your share of alive markets. You might achieve this by raising customers awareness of your products and service or finding spic-and-span customers.Current product/ naked marketMarket instruction is a strategy of finding and entering new markets with your current product or service range. The new market could be a new region, a new country or a new segment of the market.New product/current marketProduct phylogeny is a strategy for enhancing benefits you deliver to customers by improving your existing products and services or developing new ones.New product/new marketDiversification is a strategy that usually carries high costs and high risks. It often requires firms to adopt new ways of doing business and so has consequences remote beyond simply offering new products/services in a new market. It is therefore usually a strate gy to be take when other options are not feasible. http//www.is4profit.com/business-advice/sales-marketing/marketing-strategy.html marketing Tools OnlineThere are more marketing tools available for businesses to use and utilising the best one to fully work brand awareness for your product is vital. Geoffrey J. Simmons, (2007) realises Companies are finding that they are having to specify their marketing and branding strategies due to the unique characteristics of the internet and its capacity to diversify old rules.. Due to the growth of users using internet, marketing tools have been developed so that businesses can market their products online.Marketing online has been as an important way for business to create brand awareness and target customers effectively. Online advertisement is at one time seen as the most effective way of marketing therefore many different ways have been introduced to advertise on the internet. Amalesh Sharma, (2011) stated The development of data in tensive instruments, transformation of societal and relationship management, optimization of inquisition engine marketing, exclusive networking and other online resources are eliminating the traditional form of marketing. anticipate Engine Optimization MarketingSearch engines are seen as meaty way of companies to be seen by potential customers. Kristin Kennedy, Bonnie Brayton Kennedy, (2008) stated The rouge to being found by the right people at the right time lies with search engines. There are essentially two ways a customer will find a business put via a search engine, through an organic or a pay-per-click (PPC) listing. victimization a search engine you are allowing yourself to be found new customers but search engines dont offer differentiation so many of your competitors can be listed alongside you therefore not heavy(p) your business the competitive edge. Search engine optimization can be a less effective way for small business as it is marketed alongside big companies w hich was found out by Kristin Kennedy, Bonnie Brayton Kennedy, (2008) they stated a small manufacturer of gold jewelry will in all likelihood not get top billing over Tiffanys on the organic list, unless they spend a significant amount of time and bullion on developing their web site design and advertising. electronic mail MarketingSmall businesses have been using email marketing as a way of marketing their products and reaching out to the target market. Anita Jackson, Ray DeCormier,stated E-mail offers a promising tool to enhance brand loyalty as it helps marketers keep in touch with their customers on a regular creation at low cost. Small businesses are using this method to create and reach out to their target market. Using this mthod to market their business and product to create more brand awareness.http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0263-4503& angstrom brashness=17& vitamin A recognize=3& angstromarticleid=854456& axerophthol test=html http//www.emeraldinsight.co m/journals.htm?issn=1061-0421& amperevolume=13& have sex=7&articleid=857868&show=htmlhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1751-5637&volume=12& study=4&articleid=1937676&show=htmlDo you notion other ways of online marketing would benefit your company more?http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0263-4503&volume=18&issue=3&articleid=854495&show=html ) Lyndon Simkin, (2000) (http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0263-4503&volume=25&issue=6&articleid=1628110&show=htmlidb72) Geoffrey J. Simmons, (2007) .( http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1751-5637&volume=12&issue=4&articleid=1937676&show=html ). Amalesh Sharma, (2011) Kristin Kennedy, Bonnie Brayton Kennedy, (2008) (http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0140-9174&volume=31&issue=10&articleid=1746719&show=html)

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY Essay

SUMMARYWhile discussing the topics of trade, development and political delivery, sphericalisation is often discussed. In general, anchoration-wideisation means a process in which world economies go bad highly integrated, trail to a worldwide economy and highly global economic politymaking, through inter home(a) agencies such as the World Trade Organization (Todaro & angstrom unit Smith, 2006). Since late 1980s, the increase globalisation in the manufacturing field and service sector has also globalized the telecom industry. A cock-a-hoop modus operandi of telecom companies atomic number 18 expanding rapidly from their home countries to otherwise countries in position to increase their customer base and their sales, off course. globalization has with it many challenges and economic expediencys too. For many economists, globalization can cause well(p) troubles in the whole world, such as dissimilarity is accentuated, purlieual degradation, and control of rich c ountries etc. simply at the same time proponents of globalization atomic number 18 of the gather in that globalization leads to the rapid growth of know guidege and variation and improved liveness standards.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF globalizationHow globalization occurred or which forces gave birth to this phenomenon? The three chief economic and financial indicators that led to globalization ar The international trade of goods and function, the widening and freeing of trade has led to globalization to increase at a rapid pace. The greater menses of capital because of growth of global capital commercializes. Globalization of financial sector is the most influential aspect of economic globalization. The greater movement of population nigh the globe has also contributed to rapidly growing globalization, breaking come out cultural barriers. Globalization means integration of polar markets in the global economy. Globalization may occur in different markets such as financial markets, commodity markets and even in the service sector (Scholte, 2000). Producers and consumers and national economies as a whole benefit from the process of globalization. For example, economies may benefit from specializing themselves in particular products in which they call for comparative advantage. Firms may extend cost competitive through globalization by accessing to cheap untoughened materials from other countries. Similarly, benefit of economies of scale is achieved through access to large markets and higher(prenominal) demand for products, thus reducing average issue cost of the firm. everywherelarge transnationals are the main carriers of economic globalization. They are globally aligning their production and resources according to the principle of profit maximization.GLOBALIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY- CASE OF VODAFONEinitially telecommunication industry was owned and controlled by state-owned national telecommunication companies. But with the passage of time, innovation in technology and globalization has transformed the disposition of telecommunication industry. Globalization has opened up markets and brought competition in this sector. matter telecommunication companies were being privatized and the industry deregulated to make it competitive. All over the world, the international companies have become the main vehicle for accelerating globalization. Vodafone, a British multinational telecommunication confederacy, is the worlds leading telecommunication having prodigious globe in Europe, United States, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Africa.It is one of the most rapidly flourishing global companies, which started as a holder of one of the source two mobile communications licenses in the UK and now its a dominant global brand. (Ibbott, 2007) provides a view that Vodafone created a social net income that was involved in mergers and acquisitions and deployment of a global network of mobile technology that serves a pr oportionate mobile customer base of 198.6 million in 2006. Ibbott (2007) explained what really globalization means as A global company is one that permits its local operations to act in the image of the market locally and yet can act in a sincerely yours homogeneous way with compliancy to the supply and provision of its core products and service Vodafone is a global company as its sourcing and supply chain activities are transferred to be entirely global for the major part of its investment, while go remain local (Ibbott, 2007). Globalization does not mean to open operations and branches in other countries but to make its operations global, not enjoin by the head office located in the parent country.CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY- CASE OF VODAFONEGlobalization has become a springy aspect of the global economy and strongly influences the comparative advantage of economies. (Salvatore, 2004) examined the feat of globalization on the comparative advan tage of Europe for several goods and think that Europe has a comparative disadvantage in telecommunication with respect to Japan, United States and Dynamic Asian countries. The degree of globalization is a significant element in examining the international competitiveness of economies.Large multinational corporations are enjoying the benefits of globalization, the most. Almost 50 percent of total net of Vodafone came from foreign sales, i.e. Asia Pacific and Middle East region. The CEO of UK-based Vodafone Group talking about global leadership said (Yunker, 2008), Less than 5 percent of our profits comes from UK. We have had to fundamentally redesign this company as a global company. We are a highly consumer-centric company. In Germany, we feel German. In Italy, we feel Italian. In Spain, we feel Spanish. In India, we feel Indians.Vodafone has experienced fall-out in Japan in 2005. It released Converged-Handset mobile phones in December 2005 in 13 countries concurrently, including Japan. Being, one of the worlds largest global companies, it did so without fetching into account the domestic environment of each country. In this way they incurred great loss in both, number of subscribers and profits. The company lost 200,000 subscribers in the first few months of the year and profits declined by 15.4 percent (Fackler & Belson, 2005). Customers also got many troubles like drop of functions, the expensive bills and bad signals. Thus it failed to introduce same technologies in different countries. In order to regain its position in the market, they offered such services which are being provided by their competitors such as low prices, categorical monthly bills for calls and emails. Hence market competition forced Vodafone to survive in the market by competing with the same products at same rates as its competitors are offering.Due to globalization, consumer became more aware of their decisions. They take their decisions by taking into account their ethic al and environmental concerns. This new dimension poses pressure on industries to improve their business through new public initiatives and laws. Likewise, increased global competition put serious pressure on Vodafone to evaluate its CSR policy and ethical stance.When globalization reached its pace and mergers and acquisitions among firms take place, multinational companies get consent to hire and fire their workers (Carlson, 2002). This was happened in Motorola, when they fired their 3000 workers on 2000 by closedown down their plant in Scotland. Similarly, in 2009, Vodafone restructured its business model, in order to save costs and to accommodate more customers-facing roles. Around 400 workers were do jobless from its headquarters or being deployed to some other places. Hence, it is being proven over the years that in large multinational organizations, large number of workers have been made jobless, thus, creating a sense of insecurity among workers. pickings into account the fact that globalization may also have inauspicious impact on workers The European Globalization Adjustment Fund (EGF) has been established. The EGF aimed to book redundant workers, mainly in the areas where globalization has adversely affected the workers. The European Globalization Adjustment Fund has been established under Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006. It has an annual budget of EUR calciferol million to assist worker for their employment.EVALUATION AND CONCLUSIONThe growing integration of the economies has been a heated debate all around the world over the last two decades. The consequences of globalization and its various dimensions have been widely debated and examined by academics, politicians, policymakers, and even the private sector. According to the United Nations schooling Program, Human Development Report, 1999 Globalization is shaping a new era of interaction among economies and people. It is increasi ng the interaction between people across national boundaries, in economy, technology, in culture and in governance. But it is also splitting production processes, wear upon markets, political entities and societies. So, while globalization has positive and dynamic aspects, it has also negative, disruptive, marginalizing aspects. Critics of globalization argue that globalization is detrimental to economic growth, such as it increases income inequality among nations, economic instability may arise, workers are being exploited and governments become unable to raise taxes, on the other hand, the advocates of globalization are of the view that it brings higher rate of sustainable economic growth and improved living standards. In a study from the Centre of Economic Policy question by European Policy Advisors, while analyzing the economic impact of globalization, it was found that the true benefits of globalization overweigh the costs associated with it. Similarly globalization has been affecting the telecommunication sector too. Due to increasing globalization, the telecommunication policy all around the world has widened their cross-border implications as compared to the past. According to the analysis of (Siochru, 2004), media and telecommunication sectors are the leading sectors in facilitating globalization. The globalization of financial transactions and manufacturing products is due to globalization of media and telecommunication sectors.REFERENCES1.Carlson, B. A., 2002. Job Losses, Multinational and Globalization The Anatomy of Disempowerment. Santiago United Nations Publications. 2.Fackler, M. & Belson, K., 2005. A Major Backfire in Japan Deflates Vodafones One-Size-Fits-All Strategy. Online forthcoming at

A Study On Colleges Online Education Essay

The precept system in India nowadays has evolved signifi brush asidetly in the last 20 old ages. In the 1990s, to the highest degree scholarly persons went to a college in their metropolis and studied whatever class was hug druged at that place. If they lived in a smaller town without a good college, so they were forced to go to their ne best metropolis and live a trash pupil life, far off from their household.At the terminal of the first decennary in the twenty-first century, nevertheless, the plectrons that pupils have for college have exploded massively. Today, pupils have their fragmentise of college, grade and reports, sitting in the comfort of their place, no affair how olive-sized their town is. All they need is a computing machine &038 A the Internet.There are several(prenominal)(prenominal) colleges online that a pupil stooge care from. From the oldest and most reputed IGNOU ( Indira Gandhi National Open University ) to the vicinity metropolis college, a pupil has their choice of colleges online where they can obtain grades, sheepskin and certifications in any topic they choose.Colleges online typically find B.A. , B.Com. &038 A B.Sc. courses more popular among pupils and IGNOU posts grades in rarer topics kindred Medical Imaging &038 A Radiology, Fashion Merchandising, Textile Design and purge Architecture online.There are a few colleges online that offer perform sheepskin classs online with no text edition or notes in makeup at all. These virtual classs are typically non complete grades but lay alumnus sheepskin classs in some specialnesss like Cyber Law, Food Safety, moving in Process Outsourcing, etc.Most colleges online will follow a manner of direction as followsPrinted educational material/textbooks/guides are giving to the pupils at the start of the classRegular assignments, trials are given online which the pupil has to finish in a timely modeFace-to-face contact Sessionss, on-line confabs by which the pupil can sep arate up uncertainties with the moduleSome colleges online like IGNOU besides offer video cyclosis of lessons which the pupil can fall upon at his or her ain leisureThere are several advantages to analyzing from colleges online. Some of them are given belowThe pupil has the scatter of colleges to crumple from instead being restricted to the college in their townThe pupil has a wider pick of capable &038 A specialisation to analyze from when winning colleges onlineThe pupil has the tractableness of agenda with colleges online go forthing clip free for prosecuting another grade, working or even minding after their householdHowever, there are besides some(prenominal) safeguards that a pupil must take earlier taking from the several colleges online. Some of the safeguards areChoose a echt college First, a elemental cheque on the University Grants Commission ( UGC ) web site ( www.ugc.ac.in ) will produce the pupil whether their college has been reported as sham or has been gi ven accreditation by UGC.Talk to Alumni All good colleges online will give the pupils some manner to bowl over alumnas who have completed their class and who prospective pupils can acquire entrance fee from.Physical cutaneous senses If possible, see the college s office in individual or speak to them through the telephone and justice whether they are an existent college go existent instruction.Online MBA gradesSeveral Online MBA grades are open on the Internet presents and the pupil is unfit for pick. How does a pupil travel about measuring which Online MBA grade is the stovepipe option for them?There are many standards which are of import when taking an On-line MBA plan and we shall discourse some of them belowThe repute of the getIt is really of import non to acquire an online MBA grade from any unheard of on-line university. If possible, look at on-line MBA grade s merely from colleges that offer regular MBA grades. Then it will be easier to measure the college utilizing published rankings which seem in magazines. If the college offers merely on-line MBA grades and non full-time grades, so you must look into whether the college is affiliated to a university and authorized to run this plan.The course of study barely because it is an on-line MBA grade does nt intend that you should non acquire a good instruction. You are paying the fees for an MBA and you should have an MBA instruction every bit good as a grade. Compare the course of study of the online MBA grade with that of the university s full-time plan.The faculty-student interactionSome on-line MBA grades merely direct you the class gormandise and trials whereas others offer a confab installation with module and the best 1s offer video streaming talks, confabs, webinars and other manners of on-line interaction. Look for the maximum points of interaction between module &038 A pupil it will reserve the class interesting for you. Besides make certain that if you need function or guidance, a module member will be available for you to reach.Contact SessionssThough the grade may be an on-line MBA grade, you should hold the option of go toing unrecorded talks and meetings with the module one time in 3-6 months. This is besides an chance to run into other pupils and acquire to cognize them.AlumnussContact old pupils of the online MBA grade plan at the college you plan to go to and see what they have to state about the college. You are finally taking an MBA to foster your work chances and if your online MBA grade is seen as non utile or worse, harmful, so it could be a waste of your clip or money. Check the mentions carefully before you pay any fees or sedimentations.Finally some general adviceAn online MBA grade can be a rewarding and enriching measure on the corporate ladder.Making the powerful pick of college and plan for your online MBA grade can do all the battle between it being a great measure or a little measure on your manner to success.Evaluate all your options sagely, talk to as many people as you can.Do nt listen merely to the college s change talk, what is the best option for the college may non be the best option for your online MBA grade.Online MBA grades can assist you acquire a making while you have a full-time occupation or place duties during the twenty-four hours. But they chill out require survey and difficult work if you want to derive an instruction from it.While taking an online MBA grade, besides take a expression at the specialisation that is beneficial for your calling way and where you want to travel in the hereafter. The right pick of specialisation can besides assist you alter your calling way.

New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management

Why Do We Need paid Human imagery wariness in Re following? Such term as globalization, parade solicitude, and value-based counseling dominate the current discussion of counsel in sell co mpanies. There has been an increasing realization that citizenry be one of a unions break as distinguishs. Re- tail heart and soul work and serving customers in a direct, individualized way. This c on the wholes for finical actions from sell companies to replete the demands of an increasing num- ber of face lifting up-informed and sophisticated con unitingers.In reckon of e genuinely last(predicate) the c hanges in both groundal and inter matter contexts, it is ab solutely all-important(a) to get the right people if a melodic military control is to be victorious and sustainable. selling is a major(ip) moil- intensifier industry sector. The refore, companies ar continually challenged to re-organize and transport t heritor st ructures to mother much efficient. The n ecessity for part-time workers, beca berth of long stock certificate open hours and peaks in the transaction day/week, requires a flexible textile to optimize labor processes. Emotionally, the custody subscribe tos orientation and vi sion in changing times.Human resource focus (HRM) has to grant a coach, not wholly to organize, but also to fight employees and m anagement mentally and p rofes- sionally in fulfilling their occupations in terms of future association goals. People are the operate force behind all transactio ns that occur in sell outlets. In the future world of selling, on that point depart be an increasing command to adapt and change towards a much formative and proactive modal value of HRM. M. Krafft and M. K. Mantrala (eds. ), sell in the 21st Century Current and Future Trends , in fount 10. 007/978-3-540-72003-4_16, ? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 257 258 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick flips Changes in Retail The formats of retailing subscribe been evolving interminably over the last 100 years, and soulfulness retailers fuck off changed tremendously in the products they sell and in the manner in which they operate. Retailing of lifestyle products impacts right away on the changing culture of our societiesone has except to think of the excogitation of the Sony Walkman or the Apple I-Pod to grasp the world(prenominal) range of con- sumer enquires.In order to provide an expanding product and service range, retail has had to alter and amend its approaches to revenge constantly more than voracious and in- creasingly sophisticated consumers. For several years, retailers surrender had a promi- nent type in todays society in their capacity as employers the retail industry em- ploys one in nine of the UK work force, for example (Gilbert 2003). well-nigh two thirds of employees are female. Therefore, special concepts in HRM are require d to allow for the compatibility of work and family.Gilbert (2003) also points out that The retail sector has had a reputation for not supporting its employees and for having press d crystallize honorarium and longer hours than former(a) sectors. Future HRM h as to take a chance a practical ap proach that exit lead to the right balance of companies and employees needs in terms of present ment and hours for the workforce, and service guarantees for their customers. The developments in many europiuman countries point the changing postures of young university graduates for whom retailing now provides modern and attractive career pro spects.However, retailing is still far from the first choice for top graduates and this needs to change. environmental factors such as economic, mixer, political, cultural, and demo- graphic developments are driving the rapid changes in the retail duty. Retail management and HRM departments view as to be witting of all these changes. Some of the environmental factors are described below. peeled Fo rms of Trading New trading formats fork over been the lifeline allowing businesses to gain and sus- tain competitive advantage. New t rading form ats are constantly visual aspect at both ends of the spectrum.Higher allowance goods, slightlytimes even with designer labels, have coexisted with the increasing demand for more aggressive pricing such as that app lied by hypermarkets, off-price retailers, and concentrated discounters. Often, consumers switch from smaller local anesthetic stores to supermarkets, and increas- ing numbers of consumers are using rude(a) channels for Internet and TV shopping. The international press reports the continuing victory of fresh fo rms of online retailing (e-tailing) in Europe and the USA, as well as rapid changes in east Europe and Asia in use of the Internet.Within these trading formats, new pro- fessions, work careers, and functions are development very betting. To succeed, HRM has to make do and manage these changes in retailing huma n resource requirements. Exchange of association is one of the basal prerequisites For ex- New Challenges in Retail Human pick caution 259 ample, the German retailer METRO theme is installing packet that go forth allow companionship shar ing with sy stematic tr ansfer of all necessary infor mation and skills to METRO chemical group sites throughout the world.It is exacting for a retailer to co llect and struct ure all exper ience and knowledge fro m d ifferent staffs, stores and country-markets. The challenge in the future for retail company man- agement i n oecumenical and HRM in particular will be t o master t hat th e right knowledge is lendable at the right time and in the right perspective. Consumer Behavior Closely aligned with the expansion of new trading formats are the changing needs of consumers.Increasing social acceptance of women in the labor force has led to the emergence of a new l ifestyle and changed consumer purchase patterns over the last seve ral d ecades (Gilbert 2003). Present-day consumers are m ore experi- enced, more alert of their important lineament in the business, and more self-confident than previous generations. Further, as international retailers have found out, there is a great need for retail chains to adapt to local ways, so as to fulfill regional needs and shopping habits, especially in the food business (e. g. , see c hapter by Mierdorf, Mantrala and Krafft in this book). engineering science Let us give what retailing looked like 20-30 years past little or no EPOS tech- nology, electro-mechanical tills, paper-driven accounting, checking and co mptom- eter systems, perhaps enhanced by a Kim ballock tag system to aid stock replenish- ment. Thirty years ago there were not even many supermarketsself-service was just appearing over the horizon for approximately modern retailers in the 1960s and 1970s. The climax of increasing computerization in the late 1970s started to affect busi- nesses as they adapted t o possibilities that began to open up through IT-supported working practices.Processes for controlling, distribution, payroll, accounting and, especially, switch management systems started to be aut omated during the early 1980s. E DI, scanning, and bar-coding were im plementedafter heavy IT investmentsto lower costs and increase accuracy levels. just about(prenominal) ecesiss were d causesized and refocused as these manual processes were born-again to more cus- tomer-focused activities and professional supply chain management. Structural Trends and Competition In Europe and USA, retailing is characterized by increasing rates of market con- centration.This is caused by shareholders requirements for more cost-effective movements, mergers among suppliers, and the growth of technology. Future retail- ers have to be fast and flexible in making decisions about oecumenical sourcing and selling. This calls fo r people to acquire skills and competencies that will allow them to compe te fortunately in both national and international contexts. Interna- 260 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick tional HRM has to consider antithetical ways of working with people in many Euro- pean countries, HRM departments have to cooperate with works councils, which influence companies management thinking.HRM has the role of developing and define human working processes fai rly an d prov iding for cap capacity-oriented working conditions. Germanys political fence about the consequences of capital- ism in 2005 shows the need for companies to act and tell on the basis of consistent and balanced argumentation. HRM needs executives who are familiar with developments personnel casualty on in a society, shifts in cultural set and behavior. To be competitive in global markets, many organizations reduce staffing levels and change to alter processes to lower costs.Beyo nd this, h owever, more pro- gressive ret ailers, s uch as Carrefour, M ETRO G roup and Wal-Mart, have ex p anded their offerings they have i nvested severely in new product ranges, new trading f ormats, and enounce v entures, o r i n shapi ng an d spreading t heir bra nds. Merely cutting investments, e. g. , in the sales force, or opening stores around the world per se i s not enough to meet the demands of the new retail age. A actualize strategy, stable and IT-supported processes, and correct allocation of financial and management resources are needed for international supremacy the future. Globalization of SourcingSourcing from overseas vendors gathered impulsion with the conclusion of trad- ing agreements with, for example, the Peop les Republic of China and grants of favored nation status. Manufacturings importance has decreased enormously in most W estern countries since the em erging Asi an t igers a nd l ess expensive Eastern European manufacturers began to dominate the supply of goods, espe- cially, nonfood goods, to the industrialized countries. Consequently, in the West, d istribution has become one of t he most promising sources of improved margins as new technology drives down the cost of logistics.However, with globalization of sourcing, it has become imperative to develop special strategies to alter the headquarters workforce to be aware of international processes, markets, and com- petitors. Further, domestic retail companies anywhere have to also endure on top of emerging global trends. Companies that plan to enter new foreign markets have to care full phase of the moony consider local cultures, religious values, and national laws in developing their new market entry strategies. All the developments mentioned supra are stron gly inter cerebrate.Retail man- agement and HRM have to jointly examine all these change s to m ake comely and discriminate adaptations to organizational structures, systems, and processes. Changing Role of HR Departments HR departmentsoriginally called payroll departments, then relabeled staff man- agement, followed by another(prenominal) m etamorphosis to personnel and then to human resource managementhave been in the vanguard of change management in re- New Challenges in Retail Human Resource centering 261 tailing. some(a)(prenominal) companies have recognize that HRM is an essen tial component in achieving long-run success, and not just a means of resurrecting workers.Areas such as the recruitment process, selection, induction, retention, surgical procedure moni- toring and evaluations, staff genteelness, development and motivation. purpose mak- ing, and re-sourcing for expansion will continue to demand the professionalism of HRM workers. Personnel in distinguishable kinds of businesses have to adapt and change in response to emerging trends. The international HRM professional has to think globally, while rem aining ab le t o fu lfill lo cal asp irations. This i dea is based on Geert Hofstedes scheme of cultures. He turned the well-known slogan, Think globally, act locally into stand for g lobally, think locally. A major task of th e international HRM professional is to provide expertise in terms of interpretations of the local laws and working practices, so as to offer practical steps for successful operation of the international retailer. Building the Future HRM Challenges for Retailers Retailing means working in a g lobal con text but sim ultaneously adjusti ng to local needs. We describe below some international challenges to HRM in retail which are connected with national and local requirements. As mentioned above, major retail com panies have decided to invest globally to en sure greater po ten- tial for sustainable growth.Several ret ailers have identified internationalization as a huge oppor tunity for growth. In 2006, about 50 % of the METRO Groups employees work ed ou tside Germany. Th e Am erican retail g iant Wal -Mart, Frances Carrefour, and United e put forwards Tesco are thr ee more organizations that are aggressively pursuing international exp ansion. This immediately gives set up to qu estions that require answers in every ar ea of operati on. An swering these questions is key to successful diversity of a national business model into an international one.HRM strategy build ups on the business strategy of the firm. The HR persons in charge have to be b usiness partners for management, providing strategic and practical operational solutions in the form of HR concepts or staffing solutions based on thorough know ledge of the bu siness. Wal -Marts initial attempt at expansion in Germany failedas did label and Spencersbecause neither of these companies appreciated the nuances of German retail culture, underestimat- ing local arguing and, especially, the price sensitivity of German customers.Carrefours for ays i nto the United Kingdom lik ewise end ed with a strategic retreat. As long ago as in 1989, Dawson stated that Retail is a response to cul- tureand the HRM function plays a c rucial role in assisting corporate man- agement understand and adapt to local cultures. For example, UK consumers resistance to th e use of self- scanners p rovided b y some retailers to r educe queues at checkou ts might have been anticipated by HR managers interacting with local employees. 262 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen PickStrategic Tasks of HRM Key strategic tasks of human resource management of an international retailer include ? Assisting the retailers top managers who work well over 60 hours a week negotiating myriad complex bribes in a competitive marketplace, screw with stress arising from quick changes, fierce competition, cost pressures, time management problems, and the need to make quick decisions. ? Keeping up to date with continuously developing technology and being able to optimize its usage so as to achieve the right balance between pro- ductivity gains and service gains.HR needs to find answers to the follow- ing question How much technology can customers and the workforce han- dle in the s tore? ? Dealing with demography, e. g. , an aging workforce in Western Europe but predominantly young and inexperienced employees in other areas of the world, such as Asia and the Middle East. Strategically, this poses one of the hardest challenges for HR professionals who are required to recruit and develop t alented st aff, offer t raining f or all age gr oups, ens ure a well- balanced age structure, and build up a working climate enabling employees of all ages to buy in and show suitable results. Cross-cultural recruiting and prep All cultures have their own unique practices and emphases, some of which are obvious while others are more subtle and harder to detect. HR departments need to be able not only to of- fer advice and professional preparation to local managers but also ensure that individuals plant to these positions are aware of company policies as well as sensitive to the local culture. That is, in international settings, in- dividuals need both a cat valium language and intercultural sensitivity. Identifying and retaining lavishlyly qualified, highly motivated individuals ready for international management appointments The role of HRM is to provide an international assignment policy that takes into account individual prob- lems of expatriates, works around and supports family integration abroad. Operational Tasks of HRM Some key HRM tasks that have to be fulfilled to enable the workforce to meet the needs of customers across the country and internationally include ?Reshaping and r estructuring the workforce so as t o broaden their e xperi- ence by the acquisition of n ew skills Developments like automatic stock replenishment, new methods of conducting transactions, and alterations to the way goods are displayed, have increased retailer employee training re- quirements. Also employees essential learn to swear out increasingly litigious con- sumers wh ile primary(prenominal) taining h igh productivity wh ich is essen tial in h igh- volume, l ow-margin e nterprises.P rofessional human reso urce m anagers essential train employees on how to balance these oft-conflicting demands for high staff-productivity and great customer service. New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 263 ??????? HR Challenges General Conditions ?Company dodge ?Added Value Management ?Change Management ?enlisting and Retention ?Employability and long Learning ?Corporate Governance ?Technology / IT Infrastructure Fig. 1. Challenges and General Conditions for HRM ? The slender resource of most businesses is no longer financial capital, but kind of their employees (Barber, Strack 2005).Consequently, identifying and gathering the data for human capital valuation and assessment of the bring round on human resource investments is an important task for HR managers. ? HRM itself must develop, moving from being a personnel department to its new role as a strategic business partner and building the basic structural foundation that will enable co mpanies to organize and optimize their output on human resources. The emerging trends that persistently need HR management currently include some of the areas discussed below.We m ake a di stinction between HR challenges and general conditions (Figure 1). In the case of HR challenges HRM has direct influ- ence, while general conditions are contingencies inside which HRM has to oper- ate. This list is not exhaustive, but looks at some selected current trends and needs. Current HR Challenges ? Company Strategy. HRM has to adapt its entire program to the companys overall vision and strategy. It is known that organizations with good human capital management generally create substantially more shareholder value than other companies.The significance of human capital is especially visi- ble in the case of a merger. The success of a merger depends much more on the competencies of the staff and m anagement than on other aspects, such as finance, IT, and production. Hax and Majluf (1991) f eel that it is there- fore essential for well-planned practices and highly efficient HR functions to be aligned with the business of the company concerned. An HR strategy must be com prehensive in the sense of addressing all the different per- sonnel and HR activities central to the long-term development of the firms businesses.HRM departments have to conceptualize and structure business 264 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick plans with detailed operations extending from the current to the future state of strategy, organization, and action. These must be based on the organiza- tions mission and leafy vegetable values. ? Added Value Management. This confronts HRM with the critical q uestion of what actions add m easurable value to the business. There is little cer- tainty about the central direction and more about committed management setting the right tone within the organization for defined values to flourish.Commitment in the form of personal engagement and belief in th e organi- zation and its concepts is important. HRM has to support this by elaborat- ing concepts and criteria for their evaluation, some of which should be re- vised annually. The following behavioral aspects of the workforce should be included in the HRM concept ? Personal Honesty and Integrity ? Self-Motivation and entrepreneurial Style ? Ability to Communicate the Values and Benefits ? Encouraging Others to Want to diddle with the Company and Share its Values Pride in the Company instruct and Developing, Coaching, and Mentoring ? Change Management. The most important drivers for change are globaliza- tion, technology, and a workforce that is in creasingly knowledge-based. Ulrich has stated that there is a need to redefine firms deed less in terms of cutting cost and more in terms of profitable growth (Ulrich 1997). Managers have to be able to make changes happen of their own volition and also to support the company in its drive for sustained success. Manag- ers have to be abl e to empower their own staff.Moss Kanter (1989) states that it is only through true empowerment that staff will real contribute to the changing needs of a busi ness, since they will then be doing things be- cause they understand them and for the right reasons, thinking and reflect- ing on the changes and t heir likely impact, and above all feeling at ease with the writ of execution of change. Change management recognizes the need to reflect on t he managers role in the management of cha nge, the identification of problems, and the ability to make changes in either a pro- grammed or a no nprogrammed manner.HRM has to take accoun t of the risks required for the achievement of change in the company. ? Recruitment and Retention. Employee recruitment and selection is one the most vital HR functions. However, the retail industry is faced with difficul- ties in attracting highly educated people. Nonetheless there is a po sitive trend for change. The challenge for HRM is to show the attra ctiveness of the retail sector a nd ensure that appropriate training and careers are avail- able, so that this sector can take a leading place in t he competition for available talent.Retail has new-fangledly been promoting opening up access to its workforce by declared rejection of discrimination on the grounds of gender New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 265 or race, and, lately, also by employing more elderly persons. It is also nec- essary to build up programs for part-time workers. The ability to value di- versity within the workforce is a strength, provided that this is backed up by continuous training and correctness. Many organizations run courses on this aspect, usually under the title of Inc reasing Self-awareness, as t he ability to understand ones impact on others is a powerful skill.Next, reten- tion focuses on the goal of keep well-performing staff in the company. This depends not only on interesting work, fair compensation, and a propel climate and m anagement culture, but also on trans sustain and possible ca- reer paths combined with a supportive management that provides guidance. ? Employability and Continuing Education. This is a major area of challenge to most employers, but especially those who employ oversize numbers of staff, as retailers do. Staff have to take retraining in order to adapt to a constantly changing external environment.It is a question of mind-set, working envi- ronment, and attitude towards self-responsibility. The future will be charac- terized by the following needs, amongst others ? The need to handle increasing complexity. ? The need f or co ntinual enh ancement of th e ma nagement skill sets known as Life-Long Learning, i. e. the ability to adapt to changing en- vironments, challenges and technology. ? The need for a positive attitude to newly emerging opportunities Manag- ers themselves have to become life-long learners.This is of particular im- portance to the changing generations. The process c an be aimed, for ex- ample, at obtaining further business qualifications, such as an M BA, a marketing diploma, or HRM qualifications, or attending training courses on key skills, such as lead ership, or personal development workshops. Some universities are now of fering masters detail courses on wor k- based training in which projects are directly related to the learning envi- ronment of the individual s tudents workplace.Analysis of actual workproblems can be counted as a credit toward an MA o r an MSc. classroom training fostering positive acceptance of new structures, top- ics, and technologies is necessary. ? The need to communicate regularly and precisely, and transmit meaning and values While the company will provide support, it will be the indi- vidual managers who have to drive their own learning and that of others in periods of intense change, often using technology such as video con- erencing or E-l earning/blended learning to pursue their studies. HRM needs to come to with managers on how beat to use modern methods. ?The need for creative management This can be the way to bring new insights into common view or to introduce new issues as an area for the HRM specialist to develop. Many managers are locked into their own reality or their own version of their world, allowing themselves to be trapped into a mind-set of either success or self-perpetuating failure. single 266 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick f the keys to successful business growth is for managers not to allow themselves to be trapped in a psychic prison house (Morgan 2001) of t heir own making, causing them always to see retail in one dimension only. Current General Conditions ? Corporate Governance. The recent case of Enron and the difficulties faced by retailers such as Sainsbury suggest that the validation of these organi- zations was grossly at fault in permitting the excessive sums of power vested in their chief executive officers (CEOs).The nonexecutive directors seem to have abdicated their duties in not restraining the CEOs in their riskier schemes. Expansion, absolute power, soaring costs, and misinterpre- tation of facts and figures appear to have gone unchecked and a tacit acqui- escence to have been entered into, presumably with the goal of presenting stakeholders with a picture that was m ore positive than the reality. As th e impact of the backlash is always difficult to predict, it is likely that HR di- rectors will become more nearly involved in the careful examination of candidates integrity and suitability for high office.It is likely that this will slow t he decision-making process within t he board e nvironment, b ut i t might be a small price to pay for a more responsible environment acting in the high hat interests of all parties. HRM needs to motivate the entire staff of their company, to observe and appraise the political situation within the company, and to react in a n appropriate way that ca n influence the re- taile rs level of success. HRM has the opportunity, and therefore the duty, to influence national and international codes of corporate governance. ? Technology/IT Infrastructure.In some of the ne w and emerging m arkets management has to decide whether to utensil a total system with all branches totally aligned with the parent company. It can be prohibitively expensive for a branch at the periphery of the organization to lock into a global IT infrastructure that is accommodate to operations in Western countries where labor costs are very much higher. Retailers operating internationally rely on com mon platforms and IT structures the decision to be m ade is when is the time right for investments? A major change in retailing in the future will be the worldwide use of RFID technologies.The success of the METRO Group in developing and lead their Future Store in R heinberg as a tigh tly controlled experi- ment has ha d a strong impact on t he application of new technologies in real business , since METRO Group has shared the results with industry and with its wholesalers, as well as its IT and logistics providers (see, e. g. , chapter by Kalyanam, Lal a nd Wolfram in this book). The scientific re- search involves customers reactions to the new shopping methods, and by chance also staff training in the use of intelligent technologies and intro- ductions to available information and changing processes for customers.New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 267 In conclusion, there has been, and continues to be, a great deal of activity sur- round staff appraisal. The management of progression, or performance moni- toring, continues to exercise HRM professionals, who wish it to be as fair as pos- sible to individuals, but also want the company to obtain maximum benefit from the exercise. While the strategy should be systematic, it also needs to be continu- ous, with a fully im plemented set of key me trics.A full look at each individuals future, which can be a position as well as a set of personal goals, should be carried out at regu lar intervals. HRM professionals must ensure that line managers can perform this function. Next, we discuss approaches that address current HR challenges in retailing. HR Challenges General Conditions ?Company Strategy ?Added Value Management ?Change Management ?Recruitment and Retention ?Employability and Life-long Learning ?Corporate G overnance ?Technology/ IT Infrastructure Structure Motivation Fig. 2.Approaches to Challenges and General Conditions for HRM Approaches to HR Challenges in Retailing Practice Building up and Keeping Motivation As indicated in Figure 2, HRM has to en sure that the workforce is motivated and trained to satisfy consumers needs. Retailers have to develop the employee value proposition. This means an attractive position with the fulfilment of employee needs and expectations and achievement of a go od, unique image in terms of re- cruiting and charge human capital. We list below some approaches to retaining an adequate sales force. HR quality cannot be assured without investment.Such investment has to be justified in economic terms and must therefore be constantly monitored ? Planning the HR costs and expenditures for the annual business cipher and forecasts ? Supplying key data needed for planning the workforce at all levels and providing benchmark data on key performance indicators, such as average working hours per store opening hour, turnover per w orking hour, profit per working hour 268 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick ? Elaboration of systems to sum the work involved in and results of HRM (training investment per employee, rate of internal stock placements, etc. ? Providing common and communicated values of the com pany to give the workforce a strategic framework and common mind-set ? Creating a transparent internal avocation market ? Offering the staff a perspective for the future and clear career paths ? Flexible models of working ti mes, such as part-time working concepts, an- nualized hours contracts, and balancing of profession and family with the aid of sabbaticals ?Ensuring adequate processes, tools, and budget to allow for members of the workforce to achieve their objectives and ambitions Continuing education of ex ecutives and employees within actual training programs and a corporate university ? Training the workforce in soft skills and mentoring to ensure proper align- ment of their values with the companys values and beliefs ? Initiation of an employee tincture/inquiry system to improve the process of cooperation ? Recruitment of talented graduates from central programs with universi- ties worldwide ? International education within internal exchange programs, with p artici- pants from different countries ? Apprenticeships and e ducations in new professions to build up t he best workforce Sharing company success with e mployees (incentive systems at all sta ff levels, based on parameters that are kind ly to employees) ? Offering fringe benefits, such as discounts for shopping at the employers stores, company cars, equity programs, retirement arrangements, company nursery/kindergarten, and other social benefits. The Future of HRM and Final Remarks Most employees spend a substantial amount of time at work. Some people there- fore consider their excogitate decisions on joining a retail company or some other indus- try in the cont ext of social environment.HRM has to kee p an eye on s uch con- straints, as the retail trade is anxious to attract the best employees. Future HRM will concentrate on supporting management and workforce and outsource admin- istrative tasks to contractors. In future, there will be more intensive collaboration New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 269 and networking with external parties. New professions in retail, such as that of IT specialist, are developing. HRM must also place greater emphasis on ethical work- ing conditions, safer working e nvironments, and equal-opportunity policies (end- ing sex/age discrimination, inclusion of minorities, etc. . In any company, HRM has to build up trust and commitment among all persons working in that organiza- tion. go on reliance on traditional processes is d efinitely no longer a recipe that pr omises much success. HR m anagement has t o a ssure fast a nd market- oriented actions that are appropriate to complex market situations. HRM will have to set priorities on the HR strategy and its realization, but will be viewed on the operational side more in the role of a serv ice center. In future, the issue of management development will gain even greater importance.To sum up, HRM has to be aligned with the business strategy of the company, to work in keeping with all of its corporate objectives, and to be prepared not only to foster in implementing all changes necessary but also to instigate and be at the vanguard of change programs. Further, HRM should be aware of employee inter- e sts within the organization yet conscious of its place as the power house when moot business decisions, such as downsizing, have to be implemented. Lastly, it plays a key role in ensuring that constant retooling and retraining takes place in the operation to meet ever-evolving challenges.Life-long learning should be an integral part of any business, to enable it to respond to its rivals activities with fresh initiatives within the company. HRM specialists have to ensure the long-term performance of their retail or- ganizations. It is a big challenge for HRM to meet the future needs, and the task is wide ranging. How well HR managers perfo rm th eir fu nction will determin e whether a reta iler registers a sustainable success in the future. We have tried to show in this chapter the comprehensive and central role of HRM in retailing.Re- tail has been and will continue to be an exciting field of business throughout the world. The main function of the retail sector is to wo rk with and for people all over the world, so that retail has the chance to give people interesting and fulfill- ing workplaces.References Barber, F. and Strack, R. (200 5) The Surp rising economic science of a People Business, in Harvard Business Review June 2005, pp 81-90. Davies, G. (1999) The organic evolution of Marks and Spencer. Service Industries Journal. 19, 3, 60-73. Dawson J. A. (2001) Strategy and opportunism in European retail internationalisation Brit- ish Journal of Management, 12, 253-266. Dawson, J. A. (2000) Retailing at Century End some challe nges for management and re- search. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 10, 119- 148. Gilbert, D. (2003) Retail Marketing Management, second edition, Prentice Hall. 270 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick Hax, A. and Majluf, N. (1991) The Strategy Concept & Process. A pragmatic Approach, Prentice Hall. Mellahi, K. , Jackson T. P. and S parks, L. (2002) An explor atory study into failure of a successful organisations the case of Marks and Spencer, British Journal of Man age- ment, 13, 15-29. Morgan G. (2001) Images of giving medication Sage, London Moss Kanter R. (1989) When giants Learn to Dance Simon & Schuster, London Seth, A. and Randall, G. (1999) The Grocers the rise and rise of the supermarket chains, London Kogan Page, Social Science Research, 24, 28-62. Ulrich, D. , Losey, M. R, Lake G. editors (1997) tomorrows HR Management New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ulrich, D. (199 7) Human Resources of the Future Conclusions and Observ ations, in Tomorrows HR Management, edited by Dave Ulrich, Michael R. Losey et al. , 354-360, John Wiley & Sons.

Idea of a marriage Essay

It is said that unrivaled has no choice with their blood relations, but the most important finding single makes is deciding whom star would marry. star couple I interviewed for this name is one who has been successfully married for seven years. Interestingly, they had a semi-arranged espousals. I mobilise it semi-arranged because the couples parents had first had the idea and then the couple had interacted for a while to check whether they were truly compatible with one another. This particularor had a major role to play in the success of their marriage.When interviewed the couple mentioned that they both felt they had reached the age for marriage as per the family tradition and they were both assailable to the idea of a marriage. Though introduced to each other by the parents, they were surprise that they were attracted to each other by their simplicity and sense of humor. Each one of them felt that they could be comfortable and natural with the other right from sidereal day one. Several components helped them decide that they wanted to spend their life with each other.One of them was that their families were close, secondly logistical issues in their marriage sorted out easily. The fact that they enjoyed each others comp both only confirmed their teaching that marriage was destined for them. One interesting fact that contributed to making their marriage a success was that neither of them had any unreal expectations out of the marriage. Having their families computer backup also helped, as they received counseling and help to see them by means of every time they had difficulties and conflicts.The lady did admit that her husband did not induct all the qualities she had been looking for in a potential mate. With a grinning she said, she had wanted someone tall (her husband barely 5 6). But it was her ability to look beyond the physical characteristics alone that helped her accept a mate who she could live happily with. The fact that they were fr om culturally analogous backgrounds also helped them get along easily with each others families. Both felt that they had been fortunate to find the other, though they also concur that they had to struggle to keep their relationship smooth and healthy.They agree that marriage is harder than what they apprehension but they are determined to make it a success. One factor that has tremendously helped them has been their spending constructive time with each other. Holidaying together, eating together, watching movies, working out together has helped them nurture and grow their relationship into one that they cherish with their lives. One thing I noticed was the absence of any passionate romance in their relationship, and was surprised to see that that hardly bony the success of their relationship.?

Journeys End Courseowkr Essay

Explain the ways in which R. C. Sherriff conveys a sense of the hatred of contend in Journeys End with detailed reference to triplet extracts from the shirk. How could a film film director enhance this sense of revulsion on the screen? Journeys End, the s fifty-fiftyth most famous play written by R. C Sherriff in 1929, set in Saint-Quentin, France, in 1918, gives us instruct glimpse into the experiences of the officers of a British Army infantry company in World War I by presentation us 6 days in a dug disclose of the front stock.It is close a 21 year ageing Captain Stanhope, and after having spent about common chord years in the trenches without any significant leave, has taken to drink heavily to control his nerves and to ease the stress of trench warf ar. The play brings us through existencey disparate themes and genres throughout, from death, to passion and friendship, comadeship, to class, and the scarring effects of war, and to the horrors of war. What interest s me is that the play stays simply on the single set of what is the dugouts.They ar dark, underground rooms whither the officers of a British company eat, sleep and talk about what is red ink on in the trenches just outside, yet you can still, yourself, experience what the war was the ilk. You are non faced with your usual heroic commander who saves the day in the end, instead there is Stanhope, a heavy drinker, affected by triad years of war. And the play doesnt have courageous battle convulsions and Brobdingnagian explosions, or a valiant death bed scene.Instead, the horrors of war are portrayed through the waiting and the suspense of not knowing whats outlet to happen next, the causes laborious to find trade protection and comfort in anyway possible, the way they would do anything to yield out of there. Fear and cowardice is shown a lot in this play, which is in truth different from your usual courageous soldiers, ready for battle. The authenticity of the play is wh at makes it original. It factually shows what genuinely went on in the trenches.A particular, during act two, the audience experience a one of the soliders, Hibbert, trying to subscribe out of the war but pretension that he had neuralgia. Hibbert is becoming effected from the war, and is generally scared of having to go up and fight. By now in the play, the manpower are expecting an attack in about two days, and as it draws closer, Hibbert is becoming more nervous and terrified. At first, he tries hinting the fact that he is supposedly ill towards the commander, Stanhope, but in the end, he or so impatiently declares that he has to go down the line to a hospital, when he says Its no good.Ive tried demonic hard, but I must go down. Stanhope, a commander three years, has already seen this sort of behaviour and many another(prenominal) men trying to get out of going to battle, and obviously sees past this or does not think that neuralgia is an excuse to go to hospital. The sce ne goes on to the point where Stanhope and Hibbert get into a struggling fight, where Hibbert asks Stanhope to shoot him. This shows the horrors of war because the character Hibbert is desperate to get out and go kinsperson because he knows that the attack is near.Its not the actual war and the actual battle that is particularly horrifying, but having to wait for it, knowing that its going to happen, and being not completely one hundred percent for sure that youre going to come out alive is what is haunting Hibbert. The director could develop the horror of this scene on the screen by do the sounds of the distant guns and explosions a bit more taunting, almost as if Hibbert is get more and more scared as the attack comes closer.Hibbert should also be shorter than Stanhope because Stanhope is more of an intimidating figure who is in charge, whilst Hibbert is a cowering soldier trying to get home. The actor playing Hibbert shout also be stuttering, not sure what to say or do becaus e Stanhope is telling him that No mans sent down unless hes very ill. theres nothing wrong with you. Hibbert is inconsolable and should be acting like hes trying to make up more excuses why he should be sent home, almost pleadingly, as he says lines like Stanhope if only you knew how awful I feel Please do let me go by -. Hibbert gets very distressed and says things like What the hell- and Stanhope and him get into a fight. Stanhope should be stronger and more skilled than Hibbert as he is trying to get away and disobey him, so the thrusting and the struggles from Hibbert should be pathetic and weak, quivering, and Stanhope should be firm and almost unfazed. The whole point of this scene is having to face verity and not really believing what you waited for, for so long, and feared was going to finally happen.The lighten up should be dark and there should be shadows on Hibberts face, showing how distraught he is and perhaps the lack of sleep. There should be a lot of close up shots as well to see character reactions, and some long shots to show the characters difference and maybe, their similarity, how they are both afraid but are reacting but are handling it in different ways. A lot in the play, we see a lot of how the men cope with the dread of being in the war, and the forthcoming attacks.The constant talk of food whenever the topic of attacks and the war comes into the colloquy, Stanhopes alcohol addiction problems, and pretending they have illnesses so they could have a shot at trying to go home. Osborne is seen as an uncle figure between the officers for his avuncular manner, and at one point in the play, Osborne is reading an extract from Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland. capital of North Carolina questions him on why he is reading a childrens book which doesnt make sense, but it seems that Osborne is comforting himself by going back to times where he was safe and near in his childishness memories.Before Osborne reads the extract from Ali ce In Wonderland, capital of North Carolina and him were talking about the raid, possibly lots of dramatic pauses, trying to avoid eye contact, when Osborne quickly changes the arena and reads more of Alice In Wonderland, leading them into a completely different conversation about Raleighs home town. This scene should be acted as if Osborne is showing his first vulnerability in the play, taking comfort in his childhood memories, when he was away from the war, and in a safe and secure environment.When Raleigh comes over, he tries to adopt his fatherly figure. Raleigh is still very new to all this, so he is very naive and almost acts as if he is looking forward to this raid. The actors should say the lines from Alice In Wonderland as if they were haunting and not comforting at all. Osborne and Raleigh should be rather awkward and trying to avoid eye contact, sadly contemplating what they miss. Another horror of war portrayed in this play is the lack of certain possessions and things that the men cannot have whilst in the dug out.It being good food, comfort, sleep and redden women. Throughout the play, the men are constantly referring back to food or their lives back home, and at one point, looking at pictures of naked women together. In the war, the men are deprived from these things. The deaths of two of the most important characters in the play Osborne, the paternal figure, and Raleigh, the figure of innocence and naivety are exceedingly important, as are their effects on Stanhope and are some other horror of war.When Raleigh is dying from a shell hitting his back, he is paralysed, and is with Stanhope in his dying moments. Stanhope, who, from his drinking and paranoia, had always been very distant and cold towards Raleigh because he thought that he could write home to his sister about how much of a wreck he was, was now showing a new and comforting side of himself, calling Raleigh Jimmy and old boy. Even now, Raleigh is naive, thinking that there is som ething on his legs as he cannot move them, saying that he is feeling rotten, lying down here when everyone else is up there. By now, Stanhope would be desperately trying to comfort Raleigh, hoping that he would get lucky and possibly survive his injury, but through this scene you can tell that Raleighs voice is getting even more distant and softer as he is slowly getting weaker. The luminance should be soft and with some shadows to represent Raleighs attenuation life and the sound of the raid should still be going on. When Raleigh dies, Stanhope is left alone to face the rest of the war on his own, another revulsion of war. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A level War Poetry section.

Black Men and Public Spaces Essay

The name of the story is Black Men and Public Spaces. It was compose by brent goose Staples in 1986. Brent Staples is a black worldly concern who whenever in public is met with fear from others because of his races stereotype. Feeling handle a potential perpetrator can be just as unnerving as feeling like a potential victim. Staples has the top executive to alter public space by his physical behavior, his dress and his literal reaction. Black men have a reputation of being rapist, murders and camp members, therefore many quite a little get worried when a offspring black man is around.So Staples has learned how to change his perception or level of threat to others. He accomplishes this by his physical behavior. The way he walks or acts around others can change there mood. Now Staples notices if people are frightened by him. Brent Staples attempts to introduce people to something roughly every are guilty of, but pay little attention to. Using accounts from his own and othe rs experiences, Staples essay portrays the racist tendency of people to happen upon black men are potentially violent and dangerous.Stereotypes are so common in our world today and people dont even notice how bad they portray it. I hate beholding that a man had to force himself to change the way he acts and portrays himself in public. Why should someone change their ways? It made me think of a time when I was getting gas on Green River itinerary near Washington Avenue. I was almost done when a motorcar with two black men pulled up and stepped out of their car. I was tense so I stopped and got into my car real quick.Now that I think about it those men werent doing anything, just grabbing some former(a) night food. How could I be that bad of a person? I know now that was wrong of me and Im working on it. I hope someday society will realize what they are doing and change it. Not just for their sake but for mankind. Staples was viewed as a rapist, murder, and etcetera, all because he was a black man. But in verity he was just as uncomfortable as everyone who looked at him differently. Brent Staples tries to make people aware of what they are guilty of and someday all will realize.